Iceberg Quantum architecture estimates RSA-2048 factoring with under 100,000 physical qubits

Iceberg Quantum published a fault-tolerant architecture using quantum LDPC codes instead of surface codes that could run Shor’s algorithm on RSA-2048 with fewer than 100,000 physical qubits, roughly ten times fewer than the 2025 sub-one-million estimate. The design remains a paper architecture, but it further compresses cryptographic-risk timelines.

Read the original at The Quantum Insider